{"id":85629,"date":"2026-11-13T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/?p=85629"},"modified":"2026-11-13T09:45:50","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T08:45:50","slug":"les-preparations-en-liquide-du-musee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/fr\/les-preparations-en-liquide-du-musee\/","title":{"rendered":"Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide du Mus\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00c9thanol, formaline et bocaux en verre : la technique de conservation en liquide, alternative \u00e0 la taxidermie pour les amphibiens et les reptiles, et sa valeur scientifique dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e Efisio Noussan.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e r\u00e9gional de Sciences naturelles Efisio Noussan de Saint-Pierre, tous les animaux ne sont pas naturalis\u00e9s. Certains sont conserv\u00e9s dans des contenants en verre, immerg\u00e9s dans du liquide. C&rsquo;est une technique qui existe depuis des si\u00e8cles (les bocaux de Darwin collect\u00e9s lors du voyage du Beagle font encore aujourd&rsquo;hui l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes scientifiques) et qui reste irrempla\u00e7able pour certaines cat\u00e9gories d&rsquo;animaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:61px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-dark-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\" style=\"font-size:30px\"><strong>Pourquoi la taxidermie ne convient pas aux amphibiens et aux reptiles<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La taxidermie repose sur le retrait de la peau de l&rsquo;animal et son application sur un mannequin. Pour les mammif\u00e8res, avec leur pelage, et pour les oiseaux, avec leurs plumes, le r\u00e9sultat est convaincant et durable. Pour les amphibiens et la plupart des reptiles, non : la peau est souvent fine et d\u00e9licate, elle a tendance \u00e0 se d\u00e9tacher pendant le travail et \u00e0 se d\u00e9former lors de la d\u00e9shydratation. Les \u00e9cailles des reptiles les plus petits peuvent se d\u00e9tacher pendant la pr\u00e9paration. De plus, les structures superficielles qui caract\u00e9risent visuellement l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce (couleurs, textures, proportions&#8230;) s&rsquo;alt\u00e8rent de mani\u00e8re difficilement contr\u00f4lable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La conservation en liquide r\u00e9sout ces probl\u00e8mes en maintenant intacts les tissus de l&rsquo;animal dans sa forme originale, sans interventions de retrait ou de reconstruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-dark-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2\" style=\"font-size:30px\"><strong>Les deux phases : la fixation et la conservation d\u00e9finitive<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Le processus de pr\u00e9paration d&rsquo;un sp\u00e9cimen en liquide s&rsquo;articule g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en deux phases distinctes, avec des substances et des fonctions diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La premi\u00e8re est <strong>la fixation<\/strong> : elle sert \u00e0 bloquer les processus enzymatiques et bact\u00e9riens de d\u00e9composition et \u00e0 stabiliser les tissus. Dans les protocoles historiques (et aujourd&rsquo;hui seulement dans des cas sp\u00e9cifiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude anatomique pure), on utilise une solution de formaline (formald\u00e9hyde dissous dans l&rsquo;eau), qui p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans les tissus et emp\u00eache leur d\u00e9gradation. Cependant, l&rsquo;utilisation de la formaline a \u00e9t\u00e9 fortement r\u00e9duite, tant parce qu&rsquo;elle est une substance toxique et canc\u00e9rig\u00e8ne, dangereuse pour la sant\u00e9 des op\u00e9rateurs de laboratoire, que parce qu&rsquo;elle endommage l&rsquo;ADN. Pour cette raison, on pr\u00e9f\u00e8re aujourd&rsquo;hui fixer les sp\u00e9cimens directement dans de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol \u00e0 haute graduation (95 %) \u2014 ou pr\u00e9lever un \u00e9chantillon de tissu avant le traitement \u2014, garantissant ainsi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Pour les sp\u00e9cimens plus grands, on pratique de petites incisions pour faciliter la diffusion du liquide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La seconde phase est <strong>la conservation d\u00e9finitive<\/strong> : le sp\u00e9cimen est transf\u00e9r\u00e9 dans de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol \u00e0 70-75 %, ce qui garantit son maintien \u00e0 long terme sans d\u00e9shydratation excessive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-dark-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\" style=\"font-size:30px\"><strong>La valeur scientifique des pr\u00e9parations en liquide<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">La conservation en liquide offre des avantages scientifiques que les pr\u00e9parations \u00e0 sec ne peuvent pas garantir. Les tissus mous de l&rsquo;animal (muscles, organes internes, structures anatomiques d\u00e9licates) restent intacts et disponibles pour des \u00e9tudes morphologiques et anatomiques. De plus, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol, l&rsquo;ADN reste intact et peut \u00eatre extrait pour des analyses g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques : une ressource fondamentale \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e8re du <em>DNA barcoding<\/em> et de la taxonomie mol\u00e9culaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide sont \u00e9galement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es contre les attaques d&rsquo;insectes parasites qui endommagent les collections \u00e0 sec : aucun insecte ne peut attaquer un sp\u00e9cimen conserv\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol. Elles n\u00e9cessitent cependant une maintenance constante : le niveau et le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;alcool de l&rsquo;\u00e9thanol doivent \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9s r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement pour compenser l&rsquo;\u00e9vaporation et v\u00e9rifier l&rsquo;\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 des contenants. Ce sont des sp\u00e9cimens qui continuent d&rsquo;exiger de l&rsquo;attention, m\u00eame des d\u00e9cennies apr\u00e8s leur pr\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9thanol, formaline et bocaux en verre : la technique de conservation en liquide, alternative \u00e0 la taxidermie pour les amphibiens et les reptiles, et sa valeur scientifique dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e Efisio Noussan. Dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e r\u00e9gional de Sciences naturelles Efisio Noussan de Saint-Pierre, tous les animaux ne sont pas naturalis\u00e9s. Certains &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/fr\/les-preparations-en-liquide-du-musee\/\">Leggi di pi\u00f9<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":85633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,53],"tags":[17819,17556,18093,17890,17853],"news_category":[17514],"news_expert":[],"news_type":[17520],"class_list":["post-85629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-homepage-fr","category-news-fr","tag-musee","tag-museo-fr","tag-preparations-en-liquide","tag-valle-daosta-fr-2","tag-vallee-daoste","news_category-recherche","news_type-approfondissement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide du Mus\u00e9e - Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Efisio Noussan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide du Mus\u00e9e - Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Efisio Noussan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c9thanol, formaline et bocaux en verre : la technique de conservation en liquide, alternative \u00e0 la taxidermie pour les amphibiens et les reptiles, et sa valeur scientifique dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e Efisio Noussan. Dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e r\u00e9gional de Sciences naturelles Efisio Noussan de Saint-Pierre, tous les animaux ne sont pas naturalis\u00e9s. Certains &hellip; Leggi di pi\u00f9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Efisio Noussan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-11-13T10:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/museoscienze.vda.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/IMG_4118-3000x2250.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Valery Lombard\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Valery Lombard\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Valery Lombard\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/911dc81afb8c931559d10d6d21f01a30\"},\"headline\":\"Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide du Mus\u00e9e\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-11-13T10:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":686,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/11\\\/IMG_4118.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"mus\u00e9e\",\"Museo\",\"pr\u00e9parations en liquide\",\"Valle d'Aosta\",\"Vall\u00e9e d'Aoste\"],\"articleSection\":[\"homepage\",\"news\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museoscienze.vda.it\\\/i-preparati-in-liquido-del-museo\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les pr\u00e9parations en liquide du Mus\u00e9e - 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Dans les collections du Mus\u00e9e r\u00e9gional de Sciences naturelles Efisio Noussan de Saint-Pierre, tous les animaux ne sont pas naturalis\u00e9s. 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